Media1964

Nikolai Kardashev proposes ranking civilizations by energy use

When: 1964
Sources: 1 public source

Nikolai Kardashev, who proposed classing civilizations by the energy they use Rights NRAO/AUI/NSF Photographer Woodruff T. Sullivan III Photo Credit NRAO/AUI Archives,..., CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Soviet astronomer Nikolai Kardashev published 'Transmission of Information by Extraterrestrial Civilizations', classing hypothetical civilizations by the energy they can harness. The Kardashev scale remains a common reference in SETI and technosignature work.

Sources

PressThe Kardashev scale: Classifying alien civilizations (opens in a new tab)Space.com (Meghan Bartels) / 2021-12-04

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Where it fits

Earlier in MediaBritish film 'The Earth Dies Screaming' released1964 Later in MediaTinto Brass's flying-saucer satire 'Il disco volante'1964

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